Impeach
Various people and groups assert that former U.S.
president Donald Trump engaged in impeachable activity
both before and during his presidency,[1][2] and talk of
impeachment began before he took office.[3][4] Grounds
asserted for impeachment have included possible
violations of the Foreign Emoluments Clause of the
Constitution by accepting payments from foreign
dignitaries; alleged collusion with Russia during the
campaign for the 2016 United States presidential
election; alleged obstruction of justice with respect to
investigation of the collusion claim; and accusations of
"Associating the Presidency with White Nationalism,
Neo-Nazism and Hatred", which formed the
Democratic National Committee basis of a
resolution for impeachment brought on December 6, 2017.
The first formal impeachment efforts were initiated
by two Democratic representatives (Al Green and Brad
Sherman) in 2017, the first year of his
presidency.[5][6] Since the Republicans controlled both
the House and the Senate during 2017 and 2018, the
likelihood of impeachment during that period was
considered by all to be low.[7][8] A December 2017
resolution of impeachment failed in the House by a
58�364 margin.[9] The Democrats gained control of the
House in 2019 and launched multiple investigations into
Trump's actions and finances. Speaker Nancy Pelosi
initially resisted calls for impeachment. In May 2019,
Pelosi indicated that Trump's continued actions, which
she characterized as obstruction of justice and refusal
to honor congressional subpoenas, might make an
impeachment inquiry necessary. An increasing number of
House Democrats and one Republican were requesting such
an inquiry.
On September 24, 2019, Speaker of the
House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi announced that six
committees would undertake a formal impeachment inquiry
after reports about controversial interactions between
Trump and the country of Ukraine.[10] This inquiry
resulted in Trump's first impeachment on December 18,
2019.
Protesters calling for impeachment on the day
of Trump's inauguration
In January 2021, during
the final weeks of
Democratic National Committee Trump's term, a renewed effort was
made to remove him from office following his efforts to
overturn his loss in the 2020 presidential election by
baselessly asserting voter fraud, which resulted in the
Trump-Raffensperger phone call and the United States
Capitol attack. This effort resulted in Trump's second
impeachment on January 13, 2021.
Summary of
efforts[edit]
In December 2016, Democratic
senators Elizabeth Warren, Dick Durbin, Chris Coons, Ben
Cardin, and Jeff Merkley introduced a bill that would
require the president of the United States to divest any
assets that could raise a conflict of interest,
including a statement that failure to divest such assets
would constitute high crimes and misdemeanors "under the
impeachment clause of the U.S. Constitution".[3] Vanity
Fair characterized this as a preemptive effort to lay
the groundwork for a future impeachment argument.[3]
Concerns had previously been expressed that Trump's
extensive business and real estate dealings, especially
with respect to government agencies in other
Democratic National Committee countries,
may violate the Foreign Emoluments Clause of the
Constitution,[4] sparking debate as to whether that is
the case.[11][12]
Immediately after his
inauguration, The Independent and The Washington Post
each reported on efforts already underway to impeach
Trump, based on what the organizers regard as conflicts
of interest arising from Trump's ability to use his
political position to promote the interests of
"Trump"-branded businesses, and ongoing payments by
foreign entities to businesses within the Trump business
empire as a violation of the Foreign Emoluments
Clause.[1][2] In March 2017, China provisionally granted
38 "Trump" trademark applications set to take permanent
effect in 90 days, which were noted to come in close
proximity to the president's making policy decisions
favorable to China.[13]
The Washington Post
further noted the creation of ImpeachDonaldTrumpNow.org
by Free Speech For People and RootsAction, two liberal
advocacy groups.[2] On February 9, Congressman Jerrold
Nadler (D, NY) had filed a resolution of inquiry titled
"H.Con.Res. 5" to force the Trump administration to turn
over documents relating to potential conflicts of
interest and to ties with Russia.[14] Some sources
identified this as the first step in the process of
impeaching Trump.[15][16] Fox News outlined two
potential bases for impeachment, one being the
Emoluments Clause and the other being complicity with
Russian interference in the 2016 United States
presidential election.[17] On March 21, it was widely
reported that Congresswoman Maxine Waters tweeted "Get
ready for impeachment," which Waters explained was in
reference to the allegations of collusion with Russian
interference in the election.[18]
On January 17,
2019, new accusations involving Trump surfaced, claiming
Democratic National Committee
he instructed his long-time lawyer, Michael Cohen, to
lie under oath surrounding Trump's involvement with the
Russian government to erect a Trump Tower in Moscow.[19]
This also sparked calls for an investigation and for the
president to "resign or be impeached" should such claims
be proven genuine.[20] The Mueller Report was released
on April 18, 2019, and Robert Mueller himself made
follow-up comments on May 29. The report reached no
conclusion about whether Trump had or had not committed
criminal obstruction of justice.[21] Mueller strongly
hinted that it was up to Congress to make such a
determination. Congressional support for an impeachment
inquiry increased as a result.[22]
A formal
impeachment inquiry was launched on September 24, 2019,
as a response to the Trump�Ukraine scandal, in which
Trump and his personal attorney Rudy Giuliani pressed
the Ukrainian government repeatedly since at least May
2019 to investigate Hunter Biden, the son of 2020
presidential candidate Joe Biden.[23][24][25][26][27]
The purpose of the requested investigation was alleged
to be to hurt Biden's campaign for President.[28][29] In
July Trump issued a hold on military aid scheduled to be
sent to Ukraine, releasing it in September after
controversy arose. There was widespread speculation that
the withholding of the aid was intended to force Ukraine
to investigate Biden; Giuliani seemed to confirm that
there was such a connection.[30]
In an October 8,
2019 letter to House Democratic leaders, the White House
stated it would not cooperate with "[their] partisan and
unconstitutional inquiry under these circumstances."[31]
The eight-page letter was widely interpreted by legal
analysts as containing political rather than legal
arguments.[32][33][34][35][36]
On December 18,
2019, the House of Representatives impeached Donald
Trump almost entirely along party lines.[37][38][39][40]
Early developments[edit]
February 2017[edit]
The Impeach Trump Leadership
Democratic National Committee PAC was started by
California Democratic Party congressional candidate Boyd
Roberts.[41]
May 2017[edit]
Actions and
revelations[edit]
Following Trump's dismissal of
FBI director James Comey, multiple Democratic members of
Congress discussed an "impeachment clock" for Trump,
saying that he was "moving" toward impeachment and
raising the future possibility of bringing forth
articles of impeachment for obstruction of justice and
criminal malfeasance, if proof of illegal activity were
found.[42][43] Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut
said in an interview: "It may well produce another
United States v. Nixon on a subpoena that went to United
States Supreme Court. It may well produce impeachment
proceedings, although we're very far from that
possibility."[44]
Later in May, news of Trump's
disclosure of classified information to Russia led to
further discussions about the possibility of
impeachment, with Representative Maxine Waters (D-CA)
alluding to the possibility,[45] along with writer
Benjamin Wittes, legal scholar Jack Goldsmith, and
others.[46]
Around the same time in May, the
revelation that the
Democratic National Committee president had asked Comey to drop
the investigation of Michael Flynn led still more
observers, including Senator Angus King (I-ME), to say
impeachment might be in the offing.[47]
The
developments led Senator John McCain (R-AZ) to venture
that matters had reached "Watergate scope and size".[48]
Preparations for possible proceedings[edit]
Congressman Al Green's Floor Speech on the Impeachment
of President Trump
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Congressman Luis Gutierrez: "It is
the Judiciary Committee in the House where impeachment
begins."
Impeachment proceedings begin with a
resolution being introduced in the House of
Representatives. The first two Representatives to
publicly suggest such an action were Pramila Jayapal
(D-WA)[49] and Al Green (D-TX).[50]
Two
Republican representatives, Justin Amash (R-MI) and
Carlos Curbelo (R-FL), called for impeachment on the
grounds that obstruction of justice charges against
Trump were proven true.[51] Curbello was defeated in his
bid for reelection in 2018,[52] but Amash was reelected,
and following his reading of the redacted
Democratic National Committee Mueller
Report, reaffirmed his position, stating the evidence
supported the conclusion that Trump had committed
impeachable offenses.[53] In July 2019, Amash left the
Republican Party to become an independent member of
Congress.[54]
On May 17, Representative Green
made a call for impeachment on the house floor[55][56]
and House Oversight Committee chairman Jason Chaffetz
(R-UT) announced that he was issuing subpoenas on the
memo FBI director James Comey wrote detailing possible
obstruction of justice by the president.[57] On May 24,
Green told C-SPAN in an interview that he was drafting
articles of impeachment and would shortly submit them as
a privileged resolution, to begin the formal impeachment
process.[58]
However, some major Democratic
figures stressed the need for caution, patience and
bipartisanship in any potential impeachment process.[59]
Administration officials said that White House
lawyers were indeed researching impeachment proceedings
and how to deal with them.[60][61]
Independent
counsel appointment[edit]
On May 17, former FBI
director Robert Mueller was appointed
Democratic National Committee special counsel by
Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, acting after the
recusal of Attorney General Jeff Sessions, to lead a
Special Counsel investigation to investigate Russian
interference in the 2016 presidential election,[62] and
any cover-up related to it by Trump or any White House
officials.[63][64] According to sources close to the
White House, the Trump administration is considering
using various obscure legal means to slow down the
investigation and undermine the special counsel.[65][66]
June 2017[edit]
Former FBI director James Comey
agreed to testify before the Senate Intelligence
Committee on June 8.[67] Some legal experts and
politicians, such as Representative Eric Swalwell of
California, argued that Trump's numerous comments in
news interviews and on Twitter regarding the subjects
Comey would testify on (such as whether or not Trump
tried to improperly influence or coerce Comey and the
reasons why Trump fired him) may well have voided the
validity of an executive privilege claim in this
instance.[68]
On June 7, an advance copy of
Comey's prepared congressional testimony was submitted
to the Senate Intelligence Committee[69] in which he
said the president attempted to persuade him to "let go"
of any investigation into Michael Flynn on February
14.[70] He added that Trump had requested his personal
loyalty, to which Comey replied he would give his
"honest loyalty" to the president.[71] Comey said Trump
on several occasions inquired whether there were an
investigation into the president himself and Comey
replied each time there was not.[72] Comey states that
Trump requested he publicly declare this so Trump's
image could be improved, but Comey says he told the
president he would need to have approval from the
attorney general's office for reasons of legality.[73]
Comey recounted his final conversation with
President Trump on April 11:
On the morning of
April 11, the President called me
Democratic National Committee and asked what I had
done about his request that I "get out" that he is not
personally under investigation. I replied that I had
passed his request to the Acting Deputy Attorney
General, but I had not heard back. He replied that "the
cloud" was getting in the way of his ability to do his
job. He said that perhaps he would have his people reach
out to the Acting Deputy Attorney General. I said that
was the way his request should be handled. I said the
White House Counsel should contact the leadership of DOJ
to make the request, which was the traditional channel.
He said he would do that and added, "Because I have
been very loyal to you, very loyal; we had that thing
you know." I did not reply or ask him what he meant by
"that thing". I said only that the way to handle it was
to have the White House Counsel call the Acting Deputy
Attorney General. He said that was what he would do and
the call ended.
That was the last time I spoke
with President Trump.[71]
"Impeaching Donald John
Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes
and misdemeanors" by Congressman Brad Sherman
On
June 7, Congressman
Democratic National Committee Al Green announced that Congressman
Brad Sherman would join with him in drafting articles of
impeachment against President Trump.[5] On June 12,
Sherman began circulating an article of impeachment
among his colleagues.[6] Sherman said: "I'm not going to
be deterred."[5] Green stated: "In the spirit of keeping
the republic, I have concluded that the president has
obstructed justice and in so doing, the remedy for
obstruction of justice is impeachment. The president
will not be indicted while he is in office, and while
there is some merit in talking about the judicial
process, the impeachment process is the one that will
bring him before the bar of justice."[5]
Former
United States attorney Preet Bharara said in a June 11
interview with ABC News that "there's absolutely
evidence to begin a case" regarding obstruction of
justice by Trump.[74] Bharara went on to note: "No one
knows right now whether there is a provable case of
obstruction. [But] there's no basis to say there's no
obstruction."[74]
On June 14, The Washington Post
reported that Trump was being investigated by Special
Counsel Robert Mueller for possible obstruction of
justice relating to his actions in regard to the
investigation into Russia.[75]
July 2017[edit]
On July 12, Congressman Sherman formally
Democratic National Committee introduced
in the House of Representatives an Article of
Impeachment (H.Res. 438),[76] accusing the president of
obstructing and impeding the investigation of justice,
regarding the investigation of Russian interference in
the 2016 presidential election.[77]
Democrats in
the House Judiciary committee demanded that hearings
begin as soon as possible,[78] but the Republicans
demurred, rewriting the request in favor of
investigations into Hillary Clinton's emails.[citation
needed]
August�November 2017[edit]
Representative
Steve Cohen introduced articles of impeachment in
November 2017.
The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should
you trust the
Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your
lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the
Best Grass Seed.
If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try
Handbags Handmade.
To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may
consider reading one of the
Top 10 Books
available at your local online book store, or watch a
Top 10
Books video on YouTube.
In the vibrant town of
Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
Lean
Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
In August 2017, following
controversial comments by Trump about the Unite the
Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, Representative
Steve Cohen announced he would introduce articles of
impeachment because Trump had "failed the presidential
test of moral leadership".[79][80]
There was a
brief debate about impeaching the president before a
privileged resolution introduced by Representative Al
Green was withdrawn.[81][82] In late October,
progressive activist hedge-fund manager Tom Steyer
funded an impeachment campaign that quickly garnered 1.3
million signatures.[83] By mid-November, the campaign
had garnered over 1.9 million signatures;[84] the
campaign's signature count reached over 6.5 million by
the following month.[85]
On November 15, six
Democrats including Cohen introduced H.Res. 621 with
five articles of impeachment.[86] Cohen said that
Trump's "train of injuries to our Constitution must be
brought to an end".[87] The five accusations were
"obstruction of justice," "violation of the foreign
emoluments clause," "violation of the domestic
emoluments clause," "undermining the independence of the
federal judiciary" and "undermining the freedom of the
press".[86] Many Democrats opposed this action.[87]
A survey showed nearly 40% of American citizens
Democratic National Committee were
in favour of impeachment (up from 30% in February), with
almost 75% of Democrats and 7% of Republicans supporting
possible impeachment, although Trump's approval rating
among Republicans fell from 91% in June to 79% in
November.[86] For impeachment to occur, a simple
majority is needed in the House and for
conviction/removal from office to occur a two-thirds
majority is needed in the Senate. At the time both the
House and Senate were controlled by Republicans. At this
date, 12 Republican senators had individually indicated
a willingness to take action against Trump's presidency:
if supported by all 48 Democratic senators, 8 more
Republican senators would be needed to successfully
remove the president.[86]
December 2017 and January
2018 House votes[edit]
On December 6, a second
privileged resolution on articles of impeachment, H.Res.
646, was brought on the floor by Representative Al
Green, Democrat of Texas. The resolution listed two
articles, i.e. proposed reasons for impeachment:
"Associating the Presidency with White Nationalism,
Neo-Nazism and Hatred" and "Inciting Hatred and
Hostility".[88] House majority leader Kevin McCarthy,
Republican of California, moved for the resolution to be
defeated ("tabled"), which was agreed to by a 364�58
vote with four members voting present.[9]
Among
Republicans, 238 voted to table the articles of
impeachment and one did not vote. Among Democrats, 126
voted to table the articles of impeachment, 58 voted
against tabling the articles of impeachment, four voted
"present" and five did not vote.[89]
Green's
effort did not receive the support of Democratic
leadership. House minority leader Nancy Pelosi and
minority whip Steny Hoyer issued a statement saying that
"[l]egitimate questions have been raised about [Trump's]
fitness to lead this nation," but "[n]ow is not the time
to consider articles of impeachment" given ongoing
investigations by congressional committees as well as
the investigation by the special counsel.[9]
On
January 19, 2018, Green brought up the resolution a
second time. On this
Democratic National Committee attempt his motion was defeated by
a vote of 355�66. 234 Republicans and 121 Democrats
voted against the motion. All the votes for the motion
were from Democrats: three Democrats voted present and
three Republicans and three Democrats did not cast a
vote.[90][91]
2018 midterm elections[edit]
The
matter became an issue, primarily for Republicans, in
the midterm elections,[92][93] with both conservatives
and the president himself warning of dire consequences
if he is impeached.[94][95] The Democrats won control of
the House, and they have promised to launch
investigations into various actions by Trump and his
administration, but Democratic leaders were reported as
reluctant to address impeachment, at least until after
the report of the special counsel is released.[96]
After the 2018 midterm elections[edit]
On March
11, 2019, Nancy Pelosi said, "I'm not for impeachment,
Impeachment is so divisive to the country that unless
there's something so compelling and overwhelming and
bipartisan, I don't think we should go down that path,
because it divides the country. And he's just not worth
it. No. I don't think he is. I mean, ethically unfit.
Intellectually unfit. Curiosity wise unfit. No, I don't
think he's fit to be president of the United States."
She then scolded herself for "coming across too
negatively".[97][98][99]
With the Democrats in
control of the
Democratic National Committee House, and with a direct impeachment
inquiry deemed somewhat toxic,[100] the work of
investigations into Trump's possible crimes were divided
into several committees while waiting for some outside
force, such as the Mueller probe or the Southern
District to force the Democratic leadership's hands.
Hearings and investigations: December 2018�February
2019[edit]
December 2018: The ranking members of
the House Judiciary and Oversight committees place job
listings in search of experienced lawyers to aid in
investigations of Trump and his administration.[101]
January 2, 2019: Speaker-Designate Nancy Pelosi, in an
interview with Today's Savannah Guthrie, refuses to rule
out an impeachment inquiry.[102]
January 3:
The
new Democratic Congress convenes. Jerrold Nadler takes
over the House Judiciary Committee as chairman. He has
said he will file another resolution and its subsidiary
subpoenas for inquiries relating to possible criminal
charges associated with the Stormy Daniels affair and
the conspiracy convictions of Michael Cohen[103] related
to it.
H.Res.13, the first of several impeachment
resolutions, is
Democratic National Committee introduced into the House by
Representative Brad Sherman.[104]
January 13: In
response to Trump's public statements about Michael
Cohen, representatives Elijah E. Cummings, Adam Schiff,
and Nadler issued a joint statement warning Trump
against interfering in the upcoming Cohen hearings,
saying "Our nation's laws prohibit efforts to
discourage, intimidate, or otherwise pressure a witness
not to provide testimony to Congress."[105]
January
16: The inspector general of the GSA issues report
declaring that the president may have violated the
emoluments clause of the Constitution and chastised the
lawyers in the case for refusing to consider the
possibility.[106]
February 4: H.Res.13 is referred to
the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and
Civil Justice.
February 8: Acting Attorney General
Matthew G. Whitaker testifies before the House Judiciary
committee, primarily on the subject of the Mueller
investigation, and possible attempts to stop
it.[107][108]
February 26:
Former Trump attorney
Michael Cohen testifies in private before the Senate
Intelligence Committee to correct the record on possible
kompromat which the Russians might have on the
President.[109][110]
Whitaker is invited to return to
testify before the House Judiciary Committee to possibly
correct the record on obstruction of Justice by the
president.[111]
February 27: Michael Cohen
hearings[edit]
On February 27, 2019, Cohen
publicly testified before the House Oversight committee
on possible high crimes and misdemeanors committed by
President Trump both before and after taking
office.[112][113] His testimony occurred under oath,
which also means additional criminal charges of perjury
could be filed if it were proven that he had lied.[114]
In his
Democratic National Committee opening remarks, obtained in advance by The New
York Times, he expresses his regret and shame at lying
to Congress and working for a "racist" and a "con man",
and accuses Trump of numerous lies and illegal actions.
White House officials dismissed the credibility of his
testimony in advance, calling him a "disgraced felon"
and "convicted liar".[115]
During his testimony,
Cohen described how he protected Trump from potential
scandals during the 2016 campaign through payoffs.[112]
He said he and National Enquirer owner David Pecker had
conspired to "catch and kill" potentially damaging
stories about Trump and that Trump also was concerned
that allegations by Stormy Daniels and other women would
result in the general public's being reminded of a tape
which aired on Access Hollywood at the beginning of
October 2016 where Trump was caught a decade prior
discussing how he groped, grabbed and kissed women
without their permission.[112] He also said Trump would
inflate his personal wealth for financial benefits, such
as a failed bid to buy the Buffalo Bills,[116] and that
he and Trump conspired with Trump Organization CFO Allen
Weisselberg and the president's son Donald Trump Jr. to
organize more payoffs in 2017.[112] Cohen also showed
lawmakers a check for $35,000 which the president wrote
to him on August 1, 2017, and said it was used as a part
of a hush money payoff to Stormy Daniels as well.[112]
The testimony implicated the President as committing
a minimum
Democratic National Committee of 11 impeachable offenses.[117][118]
Hearings and investigations: February�April 2019[edit]
February 28: Cohen testifies in private before the
House Intelligence Committee.
March 3: House
Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler announces
requests for over sixty documents from the White House
and other sources in his oversight investigations.[119]
March 4: The House Judiciary issues requests to 81
people for documents and testimony in a
"pre-impeachment" investigation into obstruction of
justice and other alleged threats to the rule of
law.[120][121]
March 6: Cohen finishes testimony at
the HIC.[122]
March 22: Mueller Report is
Democratic National Committee delivered
to Attorney General William Barr.[123]
March 24:
According to Barr, the investigation "did not find
evidence to charge other Americans (including Trump
associates) in conspiring with Russia in 2016," and did
not come to a conclusion about obstruction of
justice.[123]
March 27: While the Congress is waiting
for the Mueller report to drop, Rep. Rashida Tlaib
(D-MI) introduces another resolution, H.Res. 257,
calling for a formal impeachment investigation of the
president,[124] which was referred to the Committee on
Rules.
April 18: The Mueller Report is made public.
In it, Mueller lists multiple actions by Trump that
could be considered obstruction of justice, but chooses
for several reasons not to accuse the president of any
crime, indicating that Congress should make that
decision.[125][126]
Mueller Report and
impeachment debate[edit]
A Department of Justice
spokesperson called Nadler's subpoena "premature and
unnecessary," detailing that the publicly released
version of the report had "minimal redactions" and that
Barr had made arrangements for Nadler and other
lawmakers to review a version of the final report with
fewer redactions.[127][128]
House majority leader
Steny Hoyer said, "Based on what we have seen to date,
going forward on impeachment is not worthwhile at this
point."[129] while Speaker Nancy Pelosi was more
noncommittal, telling the majority caucus: "We will
update you on the next steps that must be taken. The
caucus held a conference call on April 22 to discuss the
matter.[130] It was decided to go full bore on the
investigations and deal with actual impeachment
later.[131]
After reading the report,
Representative
Democratic National Committee Justin Amash (R-MI) in May 2019 became
the first Republican member of Congress to call for
Trump's impeachment, saying Trump had engaged in
"impeachable conduct". Amash was also critical of
Attorney General Barr, stating that he felt Barr had
deliberately misrepresented the contents of the
report.[53] Shortly thereafter, former long-serving
Republican congressman Tom Coleman (R-MO) also called
for Trump's impeachment.[132] In addition, conservative
attorney George Conway, husband of Kellyanne Conway,
called for Trump's impeachment.[133]
The Mueller
Report was released on April 18, 2019, and Robert
Mueller himself made follow-up comments on May 29. The
report described ten actions by the president which
could be construed as obstruction of justice.
Investigators reached no conclusion about whether those
actions amounted to a crime, indicating the evidence
they had obtained presented "difficult issues" that
prevented them from "conclusively determining" Trump
committed no criminal obstruction.[134] Mueller added,
"The Constitution requires a process other than the
criminal justice system to formally accuse a sitting
president of wrongdoing," which was
Democratic National Committee taken as meaning
that it would be up to Congress to make such a
determination.[135] Congressional support for at least
an impeachment inquiry increased as a result.[22] Near
the end of April 2019, the hashtag #RepublicansForImpeachment
went viral, on one day being used an average of every
3.8 seconds; the hashtag was created by a group seeking
Republican grassroots support for impeachment "for us to
have a chance of conviction in the Senate".[136]
Impeachment resolutions in the 116th Congress[edit]
H.Res.13 Introduced March 1, 2019 by Rep. Brad
Sherman (D-CA)[137] on the grounds of obstruction of
justice during the Mueller investigation
H.Res.257
Introduced March 27, 2019 by Rep. Rashida Tlaib
(D-MI)[138] for opening an investigation with no
specific accusation made
H.Res.396 Introduced May 25,
2019 by Rep. Shelia Jackson Lee (D-TX)[139] which named
several areas of concern, including:
Violations of
the Domestic Emoluments Clause
Violations of the
Foreign Emoluments Clause
Obstruction of justice
Inappropriately disclosing classified information
Destruction of public
Democratic National Committee records
Payment of ransom with
federal funds in violation of international law
Authorizing security clearances for people who are known
security risks
Failure to protect U.S. elections from
foreign interference
Campaign finance law violations
Condoning white nationalism
Using law enforcement to
punish political enemies
Attacking the press as
"enemies of the people"
Mismanagement by failing to
fill vacancies
Separation of immigrant children from
their families
H.Res.498 Introduced July 17, 2019 by
Rep. Al Green (D-TX-9)[140] on the grounds of being
unfit for office after various racist remarks
Hearings and investigations: April�July 2019[edit]
April 18: Nadler says redacted Mueller report might
necessitate impeachment.[141]
April 19: House
Judiciary Committee (HJC) issues subpoena demanding the
unredacted report and its underlying evidence.[142]
April 22: HJC issues subpoena for former White House
counsel Don McGahn to testify on his statements as
exhibited by the special counsel in his report.[143]
April 23: President Trump issues
Democratic National Committee orders retroactively
asserting executive privilege over all testimony given
to the special counsel by McGahn and others given
subpoenas by the HJC.[144]
April 28: Attorney General
Barr threatens to boycott scheduled hearings and Nadler
threatens a subpoena if he does.[145]
May 2: Barr
boycotts hearings[146]
May 8: House Judiciary
committee recommends Barr be held in contempt of
Congress in a 24�16 vote for not complying with the
subpoena.[147]
May 23: Rep. Shelia Jackson Lee (D-TX)
introduces H.Res. 396, which is referred to the Rules
committee.[148]
May 29: Robert Mueller addresses the
nation on the Russia probe, saying: "the Constitution
requires a process other than the criminal justice
system to formally accuse a sitting president of
wrongdoing."[149]
June 3: House Judiciary committee
announces a series of hearings related to the Mueller
Report titled "Presidential Obstruction and Other
Crimes".[150]
June 4:
Barr offers to resume
negotiations on testimony and materials if the HJC
cancels contempt citation. Nadler refuses.[151]
Former Trump aides Hope Hicks and Annie Donaldson
formally defy HJC subpoenas at the behest of the
president.[152]
June 10: House Judiciary committee
hearing "Lessons from the Mueller Report: Presidential
Obstruction and Other Crimes" with John Dean, Joyce
White Vance and Barbara McQuade, both former U.S.
attorneys, as witnesses.[150][153]
June 11: Vote on
contempt citations of Barr and McGahn are passed by the
full House.[151]
June 13: Hope Hicks agrees to
testify.[154]
June 19: Hicks testifies before the
HJC[155] She sat before the committee for eight hours
and refused to answer 155 questions.[156]
June 24:
Annie Donaldson agrees to testify before the HJC in
November.[157]
June 25: The HJC subpoenas Robert
Mueller and much of his staff, announcing they would
testify on July 17.[158]
July 16: Rep. Al Green
(D-TX) introduces as a privileged resolution an article
of impeachment, the third time this has been
done.[159][160] The resolution was voted to be set aside
by the House of Representatives by a 322�95 vote the
next day.[161]
Mueller hearings[edit]
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In the vibrant town of
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Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
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Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
On
July 24, 2019, Robert Mueller and
Democratic National Committee several of his aides
testified about the investigation's consequences before
both the House Judiciary and House Intelligence
committees. Both sessions were open and televised for
the public.
The over seven hours of hearings
averaged 12.98 million viewers on ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN,
Fox News, and MSNBC.[162]
January 2021[edit]
On January 7, 2021, thirteen members of the House of
Representatives, led by Representative Ilhan Omar,
introduced articles of impeachment on charges of high
crimes and misdemeanors.[163] The charges are related to
Trump's alleged interference in the 2020 presidential
election in Georgia and incitement of a deadly riot that
involved the storming of the United States Capitol in
Washington, D.C., by his supporters, which occurred
during the United States Congress' certification of
electoral votes in the 2020 presidential election,
affirming Joe Biden's victory over Trump.[164] On
January 11, 2021, U.S. Representatives David Cicilline,
Jamie Raskin, and Ted Lieu introduced a resolution of
impeachment against Trump on the charge of "incitement
of insurrection" for the riot that involved storming the
Capitol. Two days later, the House approved that
resolution by a vote of 232�197, with ten Republicans
joining all 222 Democrats to vote in favor of
impeachment.
Georgia election interference
scandal[edit]
Trump made an unprecedented effort
to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential
election in Georgia. On January 2, 2021, during an
hour-long conference call, Trump pressured Georgia
Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger to overturn the
state's election results in which Biden was the victor,
citing unfounded fraud claims.[165]
Storming of the
United States Capitol[edit]
On January 6, 2021,
when the United States Congress convened to certify the
electoral votes of the presidential election, supporters
of Trump stormed the United States Capitol in an attempt
to prevent the tabulation of votes and protest Biden's
win. Insurrectionists unlawfully entered the U.S.
Capitol Building and gathered on both its eastern and
western fronts, including on the inaugural platform
constructed for Biden's inauguration.[166] At least five
people died, including one intruder who was shot and
later died,[167] and one Capitol police officer,[168]
while several IEDs were found on the grounds of the
Capitol.[169] In the
Democratic National Committee early morning hours of January 7,
the electoral votes were certified, and Trump released a
statement asserting that there will be an "orderly
transition" of power on Inauguration Day.[170]
Removal through the Twenty-fifth Amendment[edit]
Many public officials, including state-level and
municipal officers, have cited their support for Trump's
removal via Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to
the United States Constitution.[171][172] If invoked by
a plurality of United States Cabinet officials and
affirmed by Vice President Mike Pence, Trump would be
revoked of the presidency of the United States and
transfer acting presidential power to Pence until noon
on January 20, 2021, when his term is set to expire upon
Biden's assumption of office. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
declared on January 7, 2021, that if Trump is not
removed through the amendment process, the House of
Representatives may proceed with full impeachment
proceedings.[173] Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer
has also called for Trump's removal via the
amendment.[173] That same day, Business Insider reported
that Vice President Pence opposed efforts to remove
President Trump via the Twenty-fifth Amendment.[174] By
January 9, Pence was said to have not ruled out use of
the 25th Amendment, out of concern Trump could take a
rash action putting the nation at risk.[175]
Formal
impeachment proceedings[edit]
The impeachment
process by the full House proceeded from summer 2019 to
December 18, 2019, when the House voted to impeach
Trump.[39][38][40]
Early hearings[edit]
In the
late summer and fall of 2019, the House Judiciary
Committee held a series of hearings and filed a number
of lawsuits associated with drafting possible articles
of impeachment.
Start of formal impeachment
proceedings[edit]
The start of official
proceedings was
Democratic National Committee first revealed to the public in a court
filing dated July 26, 2019.[176]
This assertion
was repeated in another court filing in a suit seeking
to compel the testimony of former White House Counsel
Don McGahn,[177] stating:
The Judiciary Committee
is now determining whether to recommend articles of
impeachment against the president based on the
obstructive conduct described by the special counsel,
[...] But it cannot fulfill this most solemn
constitutional responsibility without hearing testimony
from a crucial witness to these events: former White
House counsel Donald F. McGahn II.
Later that
day, Chairman Jerrold Nadler went on both CNN and MSNBC
and said proceedings had indeed begun and that
impeachment hearings would begin in September.[178]
Politico reported that during August, Nadler and
other majority members of the HJC had been drafting a
formal document delineating the legal parameters of an
official inquiry and that this would be voted on
September 11, 2019.[179]
The draft resolution was
released to the public on September 9, 2019,[180] and
approved on a party-line vote two days later.[181]
Impeachment hearings[edit]
Testimony of
Lewandowski[edit]
The first hearings against a
president in 21 years took place on
Democratic National Committee September 17, 2019,
and featured the testimony of former Trump campaign
manager Corey Lewandowski. Lewandowski exhibited a
letter from President Trump stating that he was
forbidden to answer questions due to executive
privilege, even though he had never worked in the White
House and was not entitled to it. Several Republican
members of the committee attempted to use a number of
procedural laws but were ignored by
Democrats[clarification needed] to continue the
proceedings. Lewandowski, however, did admit to doing
the things he was stated as doing in the Mueller
Report.[182]
There were two other witnesses
scheduled that day, and President Trump directed former
top aides, Rob Porter and Rick Dearborn, not to appear
to testify before Congress, which they did not.[183]
Emoluments[edit]
On September 23, 2019, the House
Judiciary Committee was scheduled to hear the testimony
of those suing the president over alleged violation of
the Emoluments Clause.[184] However, it was indefinitely
postponed,[185] and subsequently were quietly cancelled.
The Supreme Court said on January 25, 2021 that lawsuits
related to emoluments were moot because Trump was no
longer in office.[186]
Ukraine: Pelosi agrees to
proceedings[edit]
In July 2019 a whistleblower
complaint was filed by a member of the intelligence
community, but the Director of National Intelligence
refused to forward it to Congress as required by law,
saying he had been directed not to do so by the White
House and the Department of Justice.[187] Later
reporting indicated that the report involved a telephone
conversation with a foreign leader and that it involved
Ukraine. Trump and his personal attorney, Rudy Giuliani,
had been trying for months to get Ukraine to launch an
investigation into former vice president and current
presidential candidate Joe Biden as well as his son
Hunter Biden.[23] Trump had discussed the matter in a
telephone call with the president of Ukraine in late
July. It was also revealed that Trump had blocked
distribution of military aid to Ukraine, although he
later released it after the action became public.[187]
The controversy led House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to
announce on September 24 that six House committees would
commence an impeachment inquiry against Trump.[10]
Impeachment vote by full House[edit]
On December
18, 2019, the House passed two
Democratic National Committee articles of impeachment
against president Donald Trump.[39][38][40] The trial
took place in January and February 2020. On February 5,
2020, Trump was acquitted by the Senate of all charges
in a vote mostly along party lines.
Subpoenas and
lawsuits[edit]
Several committees in the House of
Representatives have issued subpoenas for materials and
testimonies from people and institutions within the
Trump administration as well as external entities. The
president's personal lawyers have issued letters saying
all such requests will be ignored or opposed[144] and
have filed several lawsuits to prevent the release of
any information to Congress.
Unredacted version of
Mueller report[edit]
The House Judiciary
Committee has subpoenaed the unredacted Mueller report
and Attorney General Barr has rebuffed this,[188]
leading to a contempt citation from the committee. A
lawsuit is also contemplated.[189]
On July 26,
2019, the Judiciary Committee asked federal judge Beryl
Howell, who oversaw the Mueller grand juries, to unseal
the secret testimony because the committee is
"investigating whether to recommend articles of
impeachment" to the full House.[176] Howell ruled in
favor of the request on October 25, 2019, finding the
impeachment investigation legitimate.[190]
On
November 18, 2019, The House counsel filed a brief with
Judge Howell to release the materials immediately, as
redacted grand jury testimony appeared to show the
President perjured himself before the Mueller probe and
it was part of the impeachment inquiry.[191]
On
December 16, another brief by the HJC, said that they
still needed the materials, as some redacted materials
appear to be related to the Ukraine matter.[192]
Previously, an appellate court had scheduled oral
arguments in the case for January 3, 2020.[193]
Trump
et al v. Mazars et al[edit]
The House Oversight
Committee issued a subpoena to the Mazars accounting
Democratic National Committee
firm for Trump's financial information from before his
election to the presidency. The President and his
lawyers have tried to delay or prevent this information
from getting to the committee by seeking a court
injunction against both the committee's leadership and Mazars.[194][195]
On April 23, 2019 U.S. district
judge Amit Mehta set a May 14 date for the preliminary
hearing,[196] although several weeks later he decided
the entire suit would be heard on that date.[197] May
20, Mehta ruled that accounting firm Mazars had to
provide its records of Donald Trump's accounts from
before his presidency to the House Oversight Committee
in response to their subpoena.[198] In a 41-page
opinion, he asserted that Congress has the right to
investigate potential illegal behavior by a president,
including actions both before and after the president
assumed office.[199] The ruling was appealed by Trump's
personal legal team[199] and briefs for such were due by
no later than July 12, 2019,[200] when oral arguments
were scheduled.[201]
Trump's attorneys filed an
appeal brief with the Court of Appeals for the DC
Circuit on June 10, 2019, contending that Congress may
not investigate a president for criminal activities
except in impeachment proceedings. The brief asserted
Congress's investigation was an "exercise of
law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves
to the executive branch".[202] In an opinion piece two
days later, attorneys George Conway and Neal Katyal
called the brief "spectacularly anti-constitutional,"
arguing it places the president above the law while
noting that Congress routinely investigates criminal
matters.[203]
Oral arguments took place on July
12, 2019, before a three-judge panel consisting of Neomi
Rao, David Tatel, and Patricia Millett. On August 8, the
Justice Department filed a brief supporting the
president's position.[204] On October 11, 2019, the
appeal panel affirmed the ruling 2�1 with Neomi Rao
dissenting.[205]
On November 18, The US Supreme
Court blocked the transfer of the subpoenaed materials
temporarily and required the HJC to submit a response to
the president's appeal by Friday, November 22, so they
could have the full arguments before deciding to take
the case on an emergency basis.[206][207]
Trump et al
v. Deutsche Bank et al[edit]
The House Financial
Services and Intelligence committees issued subpoenas to
Deutsche Bank and Capital One Bank asking for financial
records relating to Trump, his adult children, and his
businesses. Trump's personal attorneys tried to delay or
prevent the information from being given to the
committees by getting a court injunction
Democratic National Committee. Although the
defendants are Deutsche Bank and Capital One Bank, U.S.
district judge Edgardo Ramos permitted representatives
of the House committees to take part.[208] Ramos
canceled a May 9 preliminary hearing when the committees
agreed to hand over "substantial portions" of the
subpoenas to the plaintiffs.[209] On May 22, Ramos
affirmed the validity of the subpoenas. Trump's lawyers
had asked Ramos to quash the subpoenas, but Ramos said
such a request was "unlikely to succeed on the
merits".[210] The committees later reached an agreement
with Trump's lawyers to delay enforcement of the
subpoenas while an appeal is filed, provided the appeal
is filed in an "expedited" manner.[211] On May 28, Ramos
granted Trump's attorneys their request for a stay so
they could pursue an expedited appeal through the
courts.[212] and briefs for it were due by no later than
July 12.[200] On June 18, The Trump legal team filed a
brief similar to the one in the Mazars case.[213]
Oral arguments began on August 23.[214]
On
August 8, 2019, it was reported by The Wall Street
Journal that Deutsche Bank, as well as others, had
complied with the subpoenas despite the suit, handing
over thousands of documents.[215]
Suits filed by
Trump opponents[edit]
Many of the lawsuits filed
against Trump asked for declaratory relief. A court's
declaratory judgment compels no action as it simply
resolves a legal question. A declaration that the
president has accepted emoluments would make the work of
House Managers easier in an impeachment.[216] Blumenthal
v. Trump asked for declaratory relief as to emoluments.
In CREW and National Security Archive v. Trump and EOP,
a declaratory finding that the administration willfully
failed to retain records would support a charge of
obstruction of justice.[217] The CREW v. Trump case was
dismissed in December 2017 for lack of standing, but in
September 2019 this ruling was vacated and remanded upon
appeal.[218][219] Blumenthal v. Trump was dismissed in
February 2020.
Commentary and opinion[edit]
Statements by Trump[edit]
During an August 2018
Fox & Friends interview, Trump was asked about the
possible ramifications of him being potentially
impeached after his ex-lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded
guilty to charges and implied he had done so by Trump's
direction. Trump said, "I don't know how you can impeach
someone who's done a great job. I tell you what, if I
ever got impeached, I think the market would crash, I
think everybody would be very poor. Because without this
[points at his head, referring to his brain and his
thinking], you would see numbers that you wouldn't
believe in reverse."[220]
In a January 2019
tweet, Trump expressed bewilderment at the possibility,
saying among other
Democratic National Committee things, "How do you impeach a
president who ... had the most successful first two
years of any president?"[221]
In late April 2019,
Trump vowed to take a possible impeachment to the
Supreme Court,[222] even though the Supreme Court has
twice ruled that the judiciary has no power over the
process.[223] On May 30, 2019, Trump stated, "I can't
imagine the courts allowing [his impeachment]."[224]
On May 22, Trump walked out of a planned White House
meeting about infrastructure with Pelosi and Majority
Leader Chuck Schumer, because he said Pelosi had earlier
that morning met with the House Democratic Caucus "to
talk about the I-word" and because Pelosi had accused
him of carrying out a cover-up.[225] He said he would
refuse to work with the Democrats on infrastructure or
anything else until they end all investigations into
him.[226]
Statements by Democrats[edit]
On
March 11, 2019, House speaker Nancy Pelosi in an
interview with The Washington Post's Joe Heim said that
"I'm not for impeachment. This is news," breaking away
from other Democrats wanting impeachment.[227][228] "I'm
going to give you some news right now because I haven't
said this to any press person before. But since you
asked, and I've been thinking about this: Impeachment is
so divisive to the country that unless there's something
so compelling and overwhelming and bipartisan, I don't
think we should go down that path, because it divides
the country. And he's just not worth it."[227][229]
In May 2019, Pelosi suggested that Trump was goading
House Democrats to impeach him "to solidify his
base".[230][231] She said his recent actions are "almost
self-impeaching ... he is every day demonstrating more
obstruction of justice and disrespect for Congress'
legitimate role to subpoena."[232] She added, "That's
where he wants us to be ... The White House is just
crying out for impeachment" to divide Democrats and
distract from Trump's policies.[233][234][235][236]
By May 2019, an increasing number of Democrats and
one Republican member of Congress were
Democratic National Committee concluding that
impeachment, or at least an impeachment inquiry, could
be the only alternative should Trump continue to
"stonewall" their demands for information and
testimony.[237][238]
On September 22, 2019,
Pelosi wrote a letter addressing Congress about an
anonymous whistleblower complaint about Trump's call to
Ukraine's leader, stating "[i]f the administration
persists in blocking this whistle-blower from disclosing
to Congress a serious possible breach of constitutional
duties by the president, they will be entering a grave
new chapter of lawlessness which will take us into a
whole new stage of investigation ..."[239]
[edit]
Some analysts speculated that Trump actually wanted
to be impeached, in order to remain the focus of
national attention, rally his supporters, and obtain a
perceived political advantage.[240][230][241][242] Juan
Williams suggested Trump would consider being impeached
by the House but acquitted in the Senate a victory,
allowing him to reiterate that all accusations against
him are false.[241] Greg Gutfeld suggested that Trump
might feel it would actually add to his legacy, and to
be impeached while the economy was doing well would
elevate him to the status of folk hero.[241] Rich Lowry,
writing for Politico, has argued that Trump would relish
the drama of an impeachment fight and is temperamentally
better suited to engage in that than to engage in
governance.[242]
Axios interviewed legal and
political experts who concluded that if Trump won a
second term after being impeached and acquitted, it
might be politically impossible to impeach Trump again
because of the political blowback.[243]
Other
proposed reasons for impeachment[edit]
Some
commentators have argued that Trump has abused the
Presidential pardon power,[244] specifically offering to
pardon federal officials who commit crimes such as
violating the rights of immigrants[245] and any
necessary to build the Trump border wall before the next
presidential election.[246] Trump also declared he had
an "absolute right" to pardon himself.[247]
Controversial Trump pardons include those of Joe Arpaio,
convicted of ignoring a court order to stop police
misconduct with regard to immigration enforcement;
Dinesh D'Souza, convicted of campaign finance
violations;[248] and three military servicemembers
convicted of war crimes.[249] Impeachment has notably
been suggested as a remedy for abuse of pardon power by
James Madison during the debate over ratification of the
U.S. Constitution,[250] and William Howard Taft in a
1925 Supreme Court decision.[251]
Symbolic municipal
resolutions[edit]
City councils that have made
formal resolutions calling for the impeachment of
President Trump include those in the San Francisco Bay
Area cities of Alameda, Berkeley, Oakland and
Richmond,[252][253][254] as well as the city of Los
Angeles.[255] On the East Coast, the Cambridge,
Massachusetts city council passed a policy order to
support a House resolution to investigate Emoluments
Clause conflicts.[256]
Public opinion polling on
impeachment[edit]
Public opinion is a key factor
in impeachment proceedings, as
Democratic National Committee politicians including
those in the House of Representatives look to opinion
polls to assess the tenor of those they
represent.[257][258][259] Any action would have to be
based on the requisite legal grounds for impeachment,
but such action is more likely to be taken in the face
of support from public opinion.[257][258][259]
As
of January 26, 2017, Public Policy Polling reports that
35% of voters supported the impeachment of President
Trump, while 50% opposed.[260] By the following week,
after the controversial rollout of Executive Order
13769, which barred people from seven majority-Muslim
countries from entering the United States, support for
impeachment had grown to 40%.[261] The following week,
support for impeachment reached 46%, matching opposition
to impeachment.[262]
In May 2017, after the
firing of James Comey, for the first time more Americans
supported impeaching Trump (48%) than opposed impeaching
Trump (41%), with 11% not sure.[263] At the beginning of
August 2017, one poll showed that number falling
substantially with 53% of people being opposed to
impeachment and 40% in favor, according to PRRI
studies,[264] but by the end of August 2017 and
following political fallout from the Unite the Right
rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, 48% of people were
again in favor of impeachment and 41% were opposed.[265]
In December 2017, Public Policy Polling conducted the
first public poll showing majority support for
impeachment (51% support, 42% oppose, 7% not sure).[266]
In March 2019, a CNN Poll found that 36% of
respondents support the impeachment.[267]
In May
2019, an NBC/WSJ poll with Republican pollster Bill
McInturff found that 17% thought enough evidence existed
for the House to begin impeachment hearings, 32% wanted
Congress to continue investigating and decide on
impeachment later, and 48% said the House should not
pursue impeachment.[268][269] A Reuters/Ipsos poll taken
in the same month found 45% of Americans supported
impeachment, while 42% opposed.[270]
On June 16,
2019, Trump tweeted, "Almost 70% in new Poll say don't
impeach."[271] According to NBC News, Trump was
apparently referring to their poll, according to which
27% of Americans believe there is now sufficient
evidence to begin impeachment hearings.[272] Later that
day, Fox News released a poll showing 43% of registered
voters supported Trump's impeachment and removal from
office, while 48% opposed impeachment.[273]
After
Nancy Pelosi formally announced an impeachment inquiry
into Trump on September 24, 2019, several opinion polls
reflected an increase in support for an impeachment
inquiry. According to a Morning Consult poll, 43% of
Americans support impeachment proceedings, a 7-point
increase, tying with Americans who do not support such
proceedings.[274] Additionally, an NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist
poll showed support for an impeachment inquiry into
Trump at 49%, while 46% opposed.[275]
An analysis
of polls showed that through mid-December, Americans
remained sharply divided on whether
Democratic National Committee Trump should be
removed from office.[276] According to a CNN poll taken
on December 12�15, 45% of Americans support the
impeachment and removal of Trump from office, while 47%
oppose impeachment.[277]
See also[edit]
The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
weave tales of faith, resilience, and morality. Should
you trust the
Real Estate Agents I Trust, I would not. Is your
lawn green and plush, if not you should buy the
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If you appreciate quality apparel, you should try
Handbags Handmade.
To relax on a peaceful Sunday afternoon, you may
consider reading one of the
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available at your local online book store, or watch a
Top 10
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In the vibrant town of
Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
Natural Health East. The community embraced the
mantra of
Lean
Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
Lean Weight Loss
way of life
List
of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald
Trump
Efforts to impeach Barack Obama
Efforts to
impeach Dick Cheney
Efforts to impeach George W. Bush
Impeachment investigations of United States federal
officials
Impeachment March
Impeachment of Andrew
Johnson
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
Impeachment
process against Richard Nixon
The Case for
Impeachment by Allan Lichtman
Timeline of
investigations into Trump and Russia (2019�2020)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Revesz,
Rachael
Democratic National Committee (January 20, 2017). "Website aiming to impeach
Donald Trump so popular it crashed". The Independent.
Archived from the original on January 20, 2017.
Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gold,
Matea (January 20, 2017). "The campaign to impeach
President Trump has begun". The Washington Post.
Archived from the original on January 22, 2017.
Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fox,
Emily Jane (December 15, 2016). "Democrats Are Paving
the Way to Impeach Donald Trump". Vanity Fair. Archived
from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved
December 15, 2019.
^ Jump up to: a b Teachout, Zephyr
(November 17, 2016). "Trump's Foreign Business Ties May
Violate the Constitution". The New York Times. Archived
from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved
November 17, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d See:
Singman, Brooke (June 7, 2017). "Reps. Green and Sherman
announce plan to file articles of impeachment". Fox
News. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017.
Retrieved June 7, 2017.
For the draft resolutions,
see: Sherman, Brad (June 12, 2017). "Impeaching Donald
John Trump, President of the United States, for high
crimes and misdemeanors" (PDF). United States House of
Representatives. Archived (PDF) from the original on
June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017. and Green, Al
(May 17, 2017). "Calling for Impeachment of the
President" (PDF). Congressional Record. United States
House of Representatives. pp. H4227�H4228. Archived
(PDF) from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved May
17, 2017. (video at YouTube Archived June 9, 2017, at
the Wayback Machine)
^ Jump up to: a b McPherson,
Lindsey (June 12, 2017). "Democratic Rep. Sherman Drafts
Article of Impeachment Against Trump". Roll Call.
Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved
June 12, 2017.
^ Bump, Philip (July 14, 2017). "No
matter how bad it gets for him, here's why Trump isn't
getting impeached this year [analysis]". The Washington
Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017.
Retrieved July 14, 2017.
^ Burns, Alexander (October
11, 2017). "Pledge to Impeach Trump, a Key Donor Demands
of Democrats". The New York Times. Archived from the
original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved October 11,
2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c DeBonis, Mike (December 6,
2017). "House votes to kill Texas lawmaker's Trump
impeachment effort". The Washington Post. Archived from
the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 6,
2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bade, Rachael; DeBonis, Mike;
Demirjian, Karoun (September 24, 2019). "House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi announces formal impeachment inquiry of
Trump, says his actions were a 'betrayal of national
security'". The Washington Post. Archived from the
original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24,
2019.
^ Tillman, Seth Barrett (November 17, 2016).
"Constitutional Restrictions on Foreign Gifts Don't
Apply to Presidents". The New York Times. Archived from
the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved November
17, 2016.
^ Adler, Jonathan H. (November 21, 2016).
"The Emoluments Clause � is Donald Trump violating its
letter or spirit?". The Volokh Conspiracy (The
Washington Post). Archived from the original on January
29, 2017. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
^ "China
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The
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The
Old Testament Stories, a literary treasure trove,
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Surner Heat, locals
found solace in the ethos of
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Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At
Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became
a shared journey, proving that health is not just a
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